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anthropic rock
Anthropic rock is rock that is made, modified and moved by humans. Concrete is the most widely known example of this.〔A. Bentur, "Cementitious Materials--Nine Millennia and a New Century: Past, Present, and Future", ASCE Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 14: 2-22 (February 2002).〕 The new category has been proposed to recognise that man-made rocks are likely to last for long periods of Earth's future geological time, and will be important in humanity's long-term future.
==History==
Anthropogenic lithogenesis is a historically new event-process within the Earth. For millennia humans dug and piled only natural rocks. Archaeologists, during 1998, reported that artificial rock was made in ancient Mesopotamia.〔E.C. Stone, "From shifting silt to solid stone: the manufacture of synthetic basalt in ancient Mesopotamia", Science 280: 2091-2093 (26 June 1998).〕 The ancient Romans developed and widely used concrete, much of which is intact today. British Victorians were very familiar with the durable mock-rock surface formations used in public parks, constructed of Pulhamite and Coade stone.〔I. Freestone, "Forgotten but not lost: the secret of Coade Stone", Proceedings of the Geologist's Association 105: 141-143 (1994).〕 Concrete, as we know it today, dates from 1756. Worldwide, concrete's preparation adds at least 0.2 gigatonnes yearly to the atmosphere's CO2 gas stock and, thereby affects Earth's Greenhouse Effect. In 2007, 7.5–8 cubic kilometers of concrete are created annually by humans.
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